PRKD1 and cardiac hypertrophy: PRKD consists of a family of evolutionarily conserved signal-activated enzymes (PRKD1, PRKD2, and PRKD3) (Valverde et al., 1994; Hayashi et al., 1999; Sturany et al., 2001) that play critical roles in fundamental biological processes (Manning et al., 2002) and contribute to the pathogenesis of a large number of clinically important diseases, including pancreatitis (Piscuoglio et al., 2016), various cancers (Yuan and Pandol, 2016), human heart failure development and cardiac hypertrophy (Wei et al., 2015).