VIM and breast carcinoma: VIM (vimentin), one of class-III intermediated filament proteins, is involved with cytoskeletal integrity, cell adhesion and cell migration via epithelial-mesenchymal transition, [40, 41] and upregulated VIM levels in tissues have been reported as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker of multiple types of cancers, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, malignant melanoma and lung cancer [42].