A gene ontology search demonstrated that these genes contributed to known tumor and signaling pathways, i.e. to the TGF-beta signaling pathway (CREB, FBN1, GDF5, PITX2, RGMA, SMAD3, THSD4), the RAS signaling pathway (ABL1, INSR, NTRK1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PIK3R2, RAPGEF5, ZAP70), the TNF signaling pathway (DAB2, MAP3K14, MAPK14, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PIK3R2, RIPK1, TNFAIP3, VCAM1) or apoptosis (CAPN1, DAB2IP, ITPR2, LMNA, MAP3K14, NTRK1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PIK3R2, RIPK1, TP53AIP1). Here, PIK3R1 is linked to neoplasm.