A gene ontology search demonstrated that these genes contributed to known tumor and signaling pathways, i.e. to the TGF-beta signaling pathway (CREB, FBN1, GDF5, PITX2, RGMA, SMAD3, THSD4), the RAS signaling pathway (ABL1, INSR, NTRK1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PIK3R2, RAPGEF5, ZAP70), the TNF signaling pathway (DAB2, MAP3K14, MAPK14, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PIK3R2, RIPK1, TNFAIP3, VCAM1) or apoptosis (CAPN1, DAB2IP, ITPR2, LMNA, MAP3K14, NTRK1, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PIK3R2, RIPK1, TP53AIP1). Here, GDF5 is linked to neoplasm.