Early biomarker detection of prostate cancer has been controversial, as the widely used Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) screening test may miss clinically significant cancer in men with normal PSA levels, may over-diagnose men with clinically insignificant cancer, and erroneously detects benign conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis [1]. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.