To further assess the effects of loss of phosphorylation in the WAVE3-PRD domain on tumor growth and metastasis in vivo, mammary fat pads of NOD-scid-IL2Rgamma knockout (NSG) mice were inoculated with parental MDA-MB-231 cells (GFP), W3-KO, or W3-KO re-expressing either wild-type PRD domain (W3-WT-PRD) or phospho-mutant PRD domain (W3-PRD-DM), and tumor growth was assessed over 8 weeks. Here, PEPD is linked to neoplasm.