While dendritic cells, alveolar epithelial cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells and neutrophils may impact HIV infection dynamics in the alveolar space, either directly by acting as targets for infection or indirectly through cytokine secretion57, the main cells infected with HIV in the lung in vivo are CD4+ T cells and alveolar macrophages58,59. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is HIV infectious disease.