When flow cytometry data were analyzed after grouping patients according to immunologic responders (IR) versus non-responders (INR) (Fig. 3a), we observed that the increase in proliferating Ki-67+ CD103+ CD8+ CD3+ T cells was largely confined to the intratumoral compartment rather than the stroma in the four responding patients (tumor: 3.4-fold increase ±2.04, vs stroma: 1.12 ± 0.78) (Fig. 3f and Supplementary Fig. 5e). Here, MKI67 is linked to neoplasm.