In this model, although anti-PD-L1 effectively inhibited the tumor growth, the tumor volume was lowest in the YM101-treated group, relative to vehicle (p < 0.0001), anti-TGF-β (p < 0.0001), and anti-PD-L1 (p < 0.05) (Fig. 6f, g). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.