Indeed, altered gene expression during NCC differentiation can cause several neurocristopathies, such as DiGeorge syndrome, neuroblastoma, Hirschsprung disease, Auriculo-condylar syndrome, and Klein-Waardenburg syndrome (Barlow, 1984; Bolande, 1997; Brosens et al., 2016; Escot et al., 2016; Vega-Lopez et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2014), further highlighting the need to understand NCC spatiotemporal gene expression patterns during their differentiation into diverse cellular types. This evidence concerns the gene SLC12A3 and auriculocondylar syndrome.