Indeed, altered gene expression during NCC differentiation can cause several neurocristopathies, such as DiGeorge syndrome, neuroblastoma, Hirschsprung disease, Auriculo-condylar syndrome, and Klein-Waardenburg syndrome (Barlow, 1984; Bolande, 1997; Brosens et al., 2016; Escot et al., 2016; Vega-Lopez et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2014), further highlighting the need to understand NCC spatiotemporal gene expression patterns during their differentiation into diverse cellular types. The gene discussed is SLC12A3; the disease is Waardenburg syndrome type 3.