Notably, at the completion of primary platinum-based chemotherapy, HGS ovarian cancer patients were found to express high levels of cancer stem cell (CSCs) markers such as CD44 (a non-kinase transmembrane glycoprotein), CD133 or prominin-1, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family Member A1 (ALDH1A1) as compared to primary tumors. Here, ALDH1A1 is linked to cancer.