Next, we found that JNK2-specific CaMKIIδ activation results in CaMKIIδ-dependent phosphorylation of RyR2815 and PLB17 in both aged and binge alcohol-exposed hearts and the functional consequence of this JNK2-specific regulation is enhanced arrhythmogenic diastolic SR Ca2+ activities and AF pathogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK9 and atrial fibrillation.