NLRP3 and atrial fibrillation: In post-operative AF patients (with no history of AF prior to the open-chest surgery), activation of the inflammasome signaling protein, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3), was found to augment the CaMKIIδ-dependent RyR2-hyperphosphorylation and arrhythmic Ca2+ activities [25, 26, 100].