For example, a downregulation of both type 2 cytokines (Il5 and Il13) and the type-2-inducing cytokine Il25 in addition to reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines Il1a, Il1b, Il12a and Il12b indicates that genes characteristic of the “airway pathology in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease” pathway (Figure 4d) were reduced in allergic C57BL/6 mice relative to BALB/c mice. Here, IL13 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.