TNF and infection: This was consistent with lack of elevated cytokines in lungs prior to infection (see day 0 in Fig 3A), and our previous work shows that serum levels of IL‐1β, IL‐12p70, IL‐13 and TNF‐α in δWD mice are the same as in littermate controls at 8‐12 and 20‐24 weeks (Rai et al, 2019).