Previous data from two large phase 1 studies, published in 2012, that included advanced cancers (NSCLC, melanoma, and renal cell cancer) testing the anti‐PD1 antibody, nivolumab (BMS‐936558), and an anti‐PD‐L1 antibody (BMS‐936559) demonstrated a higher overall response rate for the anti‐PD1 (20–25%) than for the anti‐PD‐L1 (6–17%).22, 23. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and cancer.