ESR1 and breast carcinoma: Breast cancer is classified into three main subtypes based on the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) and amplification of the human epidermal growth factor 2 (ERBB2, commonly referred to as HER2): hormone receptor positive/ERBB2 negative (HR+/ERBB2-), ERBB2 positive (ERBB2+; HR+ or HR-) and triple-negative (lacking all three molecular markers) (Waks and Winer, 2019).