CHL1 and autism: Variations in the NrCAM gene have been implicated in autism (Hutcheson et al., 2004; Bonora et al., 2005; Sakurai et al., 2006; Marui et al., 2009; Pinto et al., 2010; Voineagu et al., 2011) and schizophrenia (Kim et al., 2009; Ayalew et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2015), while mutations in the CHL1 (CALL) gene are linked to intellectual disability (Angeloni et al., 1999; Frints et al., 2003; Cuoco et al., 2011), schizophrenia (Sakurai et al., 2002; Chen et al., 2005; Chu and Liu, 2010), and autism (Salyakina et al., 2011).