CCL2 and Alzheimer disease: Using the Bio-Plex Pro human cytokine group I panel 27-plex analysis, we found that, in the AD patients relative to the healthy controls, levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (such as IFN-γ) and several chemokines (such as IL-8, MCP-1, and MIP-1a) were significantly lower (ps < 0.05), while levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α) were markedly higher (ps < 0.05); furthermore, the level of IP-10 was also lower in the AD patients (ps < 0.05).