Paraptosis was initially observed in 293T cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts overexpressing insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) (Sperandio et al., 2000) and was subsequently shown to be induced by different natural compounds in vitro and in vivo in tumor cells (Lee et al., 2016; Fontana et al., 2020b). Here, IGF1R is linked to neoplasm.