DDX41 and acute myeloid leukemia: Optimal clinical care of these patients, however, does rely on identifying these underlying mutations; DDX41-related donor-derived leukemia has been described in several individuals with MDS/AML who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from matched related donors (MRD) found later to carry the familial DDX41 mutation (11, 12).