PPP1R1B and cancer: While the underlying mechanisms are unknown, two genes associated with chemotherapy resistance, ZNF467 and PPP1R1B (also known as DARPP-32), were upregulated in PC3 and LNCaP cells overexpressing GHSROS. PPP1R1B is a potent anti-apoptotic gene which confers resistance in cancer cell lines to several chemotherapeutic agents when overexpressed (Belkhiri, Zhu & El-Rifai, 2016).