PGK1 and cancer: Additionally, PGK1 is also abnormally expressed in a great deal of cancers, such as gallbladder cancer (Lu et al., 2015), astrocytoma (Yan et al., 2012), gastric cancer (Zieker et al., 2010a,b), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (Hwang et al., 2006), and it is closely correlated to tumor occurrence, metastasis, and invasion.