CASP1 and renal carcinoma: Interestingly, Dong et al. (2009) reported in a multicenter case-control study that three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CASP1, 4, 5, and 12 are associated with an increased risk of renal cancer, while one is associated with a reduced risk of renal cancer; however, the four SNPs exhibited minimal correlations with each other.