It was reported that the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, in the hippocampus of SAE mice were higher than normal (75, 76), and down-regulation of neuronal signals induced by neuroinflammation might be one of the causes of cognitive impairment in mice with sepsis-related encephalopathy (77). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Cognitive impairment.