Due to the many differences such as the cytokine milieu, costimulatory/co-inhibitory markers, and antigen presenting cells in PDA, progenitor CD8 T cells may not be found in all situations of chronic antigen stimulation, which may partially explain why some malignancies fail to respond to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Here, CD8A is linked to Patent ductus arteriosus.