Soluble TGFβ1 impairs NK cell function in PDA patients (96) and TGFβ signaling restrains CD8 T cell cytotoxicity, as CD8 T cells deficient in TGFβ signaling were more effective at lysing tumor cells in an adoptive transfer model into KC mice (133). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Patent ductus arteriosus.