While antibody-mediated blockade of the cytokine TNF-alpha represents a mainstay in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD, the expression of additional cytokines as e.g. IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 has been identified to be highly upregulated within inflamed tissues (7, 52–54). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.