Alternative or escalation therapy could entail poorly-investigated substances that have proven beneficial in individual case series or observational studies with specific antibodies such as bortezomib in NMDAR-positive encephalitis (28), tocilizumab as an interleukin-6 antibody in patients with NMDAR, LGI1 (leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1) and amphiphysin antibodies (26) and low-dose interleukin 2 (27). This evidence concerns the gene LGI1 and viral encephalitis.