ALB and preeclampsia: A cardinal feature of preeclampsia is the presence of proteinuria during pregnancy, assessed here by the ratio of albumin to creatine (Figure 1B), which not only showed increases during gestation (D15 p < 0.01, and D18 p < 0.001) but also PP, spiking sharply at 5 days PP (p < 0.001) and remaining elevated at 3 months PP (p < 0.01), and even more so at 8 months PP (p < 0.001), prolonged or persistent proteinuria has been found as long as 2 years after delivery in preeclamptic women (Berks et al., 2009; Unverdi et al., 2013).