PCSK9 and diabetes mellitus: Interestingly, Shi et al. found a positive relationship with elevated baseline circulating PCSK9 levels and incidence of T2DM in female population with pre-DM during 3.1 years follow-up, which was the first study to undertake a longitudinal analysis of circulating PCSK9 concentration and the development of T2DM in prediabetic individuals [1].