However, except for that LATS2, RASSF2, RAP1A, NBL1 and RHOB had negative S-scores, the other 21 TS genes also had positive S-score, demonstrating that in smoking cohort GSE40419, TS genes had much larger positive network effects on gene expression than negative ones, or, down-expressed genes due to down-expression of these TS genes were many more than up-expressed genes resulted from their down-expression in cancer. Here, RAP1A is linked to cancer.