Moreover, pks+ E. coli enhance tumorigenesis in different murine models of FAP and CRC, such as mice heterozygous for Apc18, interleukin-10–deficient (Il10−/−) germ-free mice17, and the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) model25. Here, IL10 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.