Although the identification of the inflammatory signals that trigger T2D pathogenesis remains challenging, it was observed that exposure of human islets to high glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) in vitro induces the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and the chemokine CXCL1 [69,73,74]. Here, IL1B is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.