In this frame, Ohlund et al. have developed a co-culture system with pancreatic stellate cells and mouse and patient-derived pancreatic adenocarcinoma organoids, which demonstrates the presence of two cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) subpopulations into tumors: i) CAFs, which is located immediately adjacent to neoplastic cells in mouse and human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues and have elevated expression of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), ii) CAFs which secreted IL-6 and additional inflammatory mediators without elevated αSMA expression [77]. This evidence concerns the gene ACTA1 and cancer.