In rats, Samadian et al. [16,17] and Parastesh [20,21] observed how exercise reduced the effect of diabetes mellitus on sperm count (see Figure 2), and those results were even better when it was combined with insulin treatment (p < 0.05) [16,17] or when the physical exercise was not limited to endurance training but included resistance training [21]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.