PLOD1 and diabetes mellitus: In further binary logistic regression analysis for males and females, diabetes duration (OR = 1.119, 95% CI 1.079–1.161), HbA1c (OR = 1.254, 95% CI 1.132–1.390), and LH (OR = 1.086, 95% CI 1.024–1.152) showed being independent risk factors for male diabetic retinopathy patients, after controlling for age, smoking, drinking, systolic BP, BMI, HbA1c, TG, TC, FSH, T, DHEAS, and SHBG (Figure 1).