CTSA and hepatocellular carcinoma: We found that nine of the DEARGs including SNAP-associated protein (SNAPIN), vacuolar protein sorting 33 homolog A (VPS33A), phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS2), calpain 10(CAPN10), cathepsin A (CTSA), LSM4 homolog (LSM4), vacuolar protein sorting 28 homolog (VPS28), zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 3 (ZKSCAN3), and CHAF1B had not been reported to be associated with HCC; they served as novel candidate HCC biomarkers and were used for further validation (Table 1).