Markers of endothelial dysfunction, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, were both increased in ESRD patients lacking GSTM1, while ICAM-1 was upregulated in endothelial cells with a low level of GSTM1 exposed to uremic serum, further strengthening their potential biomarker role as predictors of CVD in ESRD patients. This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and endothelial dysfunction.