The sensing of NA is operated by two major classes of PRRs, including endolysosomal and cytosolic NA sensors (Figure 1), which in response to stimulation trigger the production of inflammatory cytokines such as type I interferons (IFN-I), IL-1β, and TNF-α, playing a crucial role in obesity-mediated metaflammation (13). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.