DNAI1 and primary ciliary dyskinesia: DNAI1 (Dynein Axonemal Intermediate Chain 1), mapping on the chromosome 9p13.3, and DNAH11 (Dynein Axonemal Heavy Chain 11), mapping on the chromosome 7p15.3, are other genes of the dynein family related to primary ciliary dyskinesia and involved in male infertility (48), especially in isolated non-syndromic asthenozoospermia (32).