Animal studies show that both short-term and chronic HFD consumption results in glucose intolerance and insulin resistance as well as increased fasting glucose, insulin, free fatty acid, triglyceride, and leptin levels compared to regular chow diet (Hariri and Thibault, 2010; Paulson et al., 2010; Dutheil et al., 2016; Coker et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene INS and Insulin resistance.