In line with this, we demonstrate here that pDC activation via TLR9 stimulation induced the expression of both miR-126 and miR-139-5p, similarly to what is observed in pDCs of SSc patients, suggesting that endogenous TLR9 ligands are implicated in the upregulation of these miRNAs in SSc patients. Here, TLR9 is linked to systemic sclerosis.