KDR and neoplasm: While VEGF, particularly VEGF-A, is the main stimulating factor for tumor angiogenesis which acts by binding to the VEGFR2 on ECs and subsequently activating several pathways such as PI3K, PKC, and Ras/Raf/ERK/MAPK [63,64], IL-8 (aka CXCL8) enhances angiogenesis by interacting with the CXCR1/CXCR2 on ECs, resulting in the enhancement of their proliferation, chemotaxis, survival, and protease (MMP) activation [65].