NOG and neoplasm: Fresh biopsied samples were obtained from tumor tissues from patients with SCLC (Table 1), and were cultured using previously adapted culture conditions (basal; EGF, bFGF in Matrigel) [13] and using four additional culture conditions, comprising different combinations of 100 ng/mL Wnt3A, 10% R-spondin1 conditioned medium, 100 ng/mL Noggin, and 50 nM A8301 (Figure 1A and Table 1).