CXCL12 and glioblastoma: The attraction between endothelial and glioblastoma cells in GSC niches is predominantly maintained by the binding of C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12, also known as stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α)) to the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) in GSCs [26].