Polyphenols are naturally occurring phytochemicals and secondary metabolites found in fruit, vegetables, cereals, nuts, tea, wine, chocolate, olives, spices and algae, that are widely reported to induce adiponectin levels and improve metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease [67,68]. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.