CXCR4 and diabetes mellitus: Notably, CD34+ HSPCs from CAD-DM patients also displayed a defective expression of genes involved in the regulation of macrophage differentiation (CSFR1), phagocytic cell recruitment and activation (i.e., PPBP, CXCR4, and FPR2), as well as antigen presentation (i.e., HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB2) [41].