CD34 and atherosclerosis: However, such a gene expression pattern in CD34+ HSPCs, predictive of innate immune system impairment, was associated with upregulation of numerous genes encoding for pro-inflammatory interleukins, chemokine, and receptors, critical not only in the recruitment, accumulation, and activation of immune cells to the site of injury, but also in all inflammatory stages of atherosclerosis [42,43].