Another advantage presented by the LV system, which was highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic, is the ability to rapidly respond to the emergence of new variants of concern; as soon as sequences are available, the new mutant spike protein can be incorporated onto the LV to evaluate the potential to escape neutralisation by convalescent and vaccinee sera or therapeutics [40,41,42,43] such as therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) [44,45] from mutations arising in the spike protein. The gene discussed is CHMP5; the disease is COVID-19.