Besides mutations that impair the function of the parkin protein, PTMs such as S-nitrosylation, covalent binding of dopamine, phosphorylation by the stress-activated kinase c-Abl, and oxidative stress have been shown to impair the activity of parkin in sporadic PD [90,91,92,93,94,95,96]. The gene discussed is PRKN; the disease is Parkinson disease.