Bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analyses of tumor specimens obtained from patients before and after anti-CTLA4 and/or anti-PD1 administration, have unequivocally demonstrated that the up-regulation of NF-κB-dependent genes in both tumor and immune cells, underlies the clinical response to checkpoint-blockade therapies [169,170]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.