Additionally, a loss of PGC-1α significantly exacerbates cell death in MPTP [52,210,211,212,213,214] and α-synuclein-induced cell death [192,215,216] models of PD, while overexpression of PGC-1α enhances autophagy and reduces rotenone- and α-synuclein-mediated toxicity in cell culture [186,192,217]. The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is Parkinson disease.