BRAF mutations have been shown not to be a major event in post-Chernobyl thyroid carcinomas as well in a not irradiated pediatric population, while these alterations have been found to be highly prevalent in thyroid carcinomas in the young population of Fukushima, suggesting a different mechanism of the tumoral transformation in the 2 groups [36]. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and thyroid gland carcinoma.